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* March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. They are published later the same year.
* June 11 - Juan de Garay founds Buenos Aires.
* June 25 - The Book of Concord, a collection of Lutheran confessional documents, is published.
* July 12 - The Ostrog Bible, the first complete printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
* August 25 - Battle of Alcântara: Spanish armies, led by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, defending the right of King Philip II of Spain to the Portuguese throne, defeat the Portuguese armies of Portuguese pretender António, Prior of Crato.
* September 26 - Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the globe.
